Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms

    Last Updated: August 16, 2022

    Severity of sickness refers to the intensity of symptoms related to acute infection (e.g., common cold, flu, and bronchitis).

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    Examine Database: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms

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    1. Vitamin C - Anderson TW, Reid DB, Beaton GHVitamin C and the common cold: a double-blind trialCan Med Assoc J.(1972 Sep 23)
    2. Vitamin C - Charleston SS, Clegg KMAscorbic acid and the common coldLancet.(1972 Jun 24)
    3. Vitamin D - Martineau AR, MacLaughlin BD, Hooper RL, Barnes NC, Jolliffe DA, Greiller CL, Kilpin K, McLaughlin D, Fletcher G, Mein CA, Hoti M, Walton R, Grigg J, Timms PM, Rajakulasingam RK, Bhowmik A, Rowe M, Venton TR, Choudhury AB, Simcock DE, Sadique Z, Monteiro WR, Corrigan CJ, Hawrylowicz CM, Griffiths CJDouble-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of bolus-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in adults with asthma (ViDiAs)Thorax.(2015 May)
    4. Vitamin C - Van Straten M, Josling PPreventing the common cold with a vitamin C supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled surveyAdv Ther.(2002 May-Jun)
    5. Vitamin C - Carson M, Cox H, Corbett M, Pollitt NVitamin C and the common coldJ Soc Occup Med.(1975 Jul)
    6. Colostrum - Crooks CV, Wall CR, Cross ML, Rutherfurd-Markwick KJThe effect of bovine colostrum supplementation on salivary IgA in distance runnersInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2006 Feb)
    7. Vitamin D - Dubnov-Raz G, Rinat B, Hemilä H, Choleva L, Cohen AH, Constantini NWVitamin D supplementation and upper respiratory tract infections in adolescent swimmers: a randomized controlled trialPediatr Exerc Sci.(2015 Feb)
    8. Vitamin D - Denlinger LC, King TS, Cardet JC, Craig T, Holguin F, Jackson DJ, Kraft M, Peters SP, Ross K, Sumino K, Boushey HA, Jarjour NN, Wechsler ME, Wenzel SE, Castro M, Avila PC, NHLBI AsthmaNet InvestigatorsVitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Colds in Patients with AsthmaAm J Respir Crit Care Med.(2016 Mar 15)
    9. Vitamin D - Manaseki-Holland S, Qader G, Isaq Masher M, Bruce J, Zulf Mughal M, Chandramohan D, Walraven GEffects of vitamin D supplementation to children diagnosed with pneumonia in Kabul: a randomised controlled trialTrop Med Int Health.(2010 Oct)
    10. Vitamin C - Anderson TW, Beaton GH, Corey P, Spero LWinter illness and vitamin C: the effect of relatively low dosesCan Med Assoc J.(1975 Apr 5)
    11. Vitamin C - Karlowski TR, Chalmers TC, Frenkel LD, Kapikian AZ, Lewis TL, Lynch JMAscorbic acid for the common cold. A prophylactic and therapeutic trialJAMA.(1975 Mar 10)
    12. Zinc - Al-Nakib W, Higgins PG, Barrow I, Batstone G, Tyrrell DAProphylaxis and treatment of rhinovirus colds with zinc gluconate lozengesJ Antimicrob Chemother.(1987 Dec)
    13. Vitamin D - Murdoch DR, Slow S, Chambers ST, Jennings LC, Stewart AW, Priest PC, Florkowski CM, Livesey JH, Camargo CA, Scragg REffect of vitamin D3 supplementation on upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adults: the VIDARIS randomized controlled trialJAMA.(2012 Oct 3)
    14. Vitamin C - Dahlberg G, Engel A, Rydin HThe Value of Ascorbic Acid as a Prophylactic against Common ColdsActa Medica Scandinavica.()
    15. Vitamin D - Goodall EC, Granados AC, Luinstra K, Pullenayegum E, Coleman BL, Loeb M, Smieja MVitamin D3 and gargling for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trialBMC Infect Dis.(2014 May 19)
    16. Vitamin C - Constantini NW, Dubnov-Raz G, Eyal BB, Berry EM, Cohen AH, Hemilä HThe effect of vitamin C on upper respiratory infections in adolescent swimmers: a randomized trialEur J Pediatr.(2011 Jan)
    17. Zinc - Hemilä HZinc lozenges and the common cold: a meta-analysis comparing zinc acetate and zinc gluconate, and the role of zinc dosageJRSM Open.(2017 May 2)
    18. Vitamin C - Miller JZ, Nance WE, Norton JA, Wolen RL, Griffith RS, Rose RJTherapeutic effect of vitamin C. A co-twin control studyJAMA.(1977 Jan 17)
    19. Vitamin D - Shimizu Y, Ito Y, Yui K, Egawa K, Orimo HIntake of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Reduces Duration and Severity of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Comparison StudyJ Nutr Health Aging.(2018)
    20. Zinc - Petrus E, Lawson K, Bucci L, Blum KRandomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical study of the effectiveness of zinc acetate lozenges on common cold symptoms in allergy-tested subjectsCurr Ther Res.()
    21. Echinacea - Goel V, Lovlin R, Barton R, Lyon MR, Bauer R, Lee TD, Basu TKEfficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (Echinilin) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialJ Clin Pharm Ther.(2004 Feb)
    22. Vitamin C - Himmelstein S, Robergs R, Koehler K, Lewis S, Qualls CVitamin C supplementation and upper respiratory tract infections in marathon runnersJ Exerc Physiol Online.()
    23. Echinacea - David S, Cunningham REchinacea for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysisComplement Ther Med.(2019 Jun)
    24. Vitamin D - Jung HC, Seo MW, Lee S, Kim SW, Song JKVitamin D₃ Supplementation Reduces the Symptoms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection during Winter Training in Vitamin D-Insufficient Taekwondo Athletes: A Randomized Controlled TrialInt J Environ Res Public Health.(2018 Sep 14)
    25. Zinc - Farr BM, Conner EM, Betts RF, Oleske J, Minnefor A, Gwaltney JM JrTwo randomized controlled trials of zinc gluconate lozenge therapy of experimentally induced rhinovirus coldsAntimicrob Agents Chemother.(1987 Aug)
    26. Echinacea - Goel V, Lovlin R, Chang C, Slama JV, Barton R, Gahler R, Bauer R, Goonewardene L, Basu TKA proprietary extract from the echinacea plant (Echinacea purpurea) enhances systemic immune response during a common coldPhytother Res.(2005 Aug)
    27. Vitamin C - Coulehan JL, Eberhard S, Kapner L, Taylor F, Rogers K, Garry PVitamin C and acute illness in Navajo school childrenN Engl J Med.(1976 Oct 28)
    28. Zinc - Godfrey JC, Conant Sloane B, Smith DS, Turco JH, Mercer N, Godfrey NJZinc gluconate and the common cold: a controlled clinical studyJ Int Med Res.(1992 Jun)
    29. Echinacea - Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D, Mundt M, Bone K, Barlow S, Ewers TEchinacea for treating the common cold: a randomized trialAnn Intern Med.(2010 Dec 21)
    30. Colostrum - Crooks C, Cross ML, Wall C, Ali AEffect of bovine colostrum supplementation on respiratory tract mucosal defenses in swimmersInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2010 Jun)
    31. Zinc - Prasad AS, Beck FW, Bao B, Snell D, Fitzgerald JTDuration and severity of symptoms and levels of plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, and adhesion molecules in patients with common cold treated with zinc acetateJ Infect Dis.(2008 Mar 15)
    32. Vitamin C - Sabiston BH, Radomski MWHealth problems and vitamin C in Canadian northern military operations.()
    33. Zinc - Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, Collins M, Rofman BA, Ginsberg D, Goswick CB, Magner AFailure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infectionsAntimicrob Agents Chemother.(1989 May)
    34. Vitamin C - Elwood PC, Hughes SJ, Leger ASA randomized controlled trial of the therapeutic effect of vitamin C in the common coldPractitioner.(1977 Jan)
    35. Echinacea - Hall H, Fahlman MM, Engels HJEchinacea purpurea and mucosal immunityInt J Sports Med.(2007 Sep)
    36. King of Bitters - Cáceres DD, Hancke JL, Burgos RA, Sandberg F, Wikman GKUse of visual analogue scale measurements (VAS) to asses the effectiveness of standardized Andrographis paniculata extract SHA-10 in reducing the symptoms of common cold. A randomized double blind-placebo studyPhytomedicine.(1999 Oct)
    37. Echinacea - Brinkeborn RM, Shah DV, Degenring FHEchinaforce and other Echinacea fresh plant preparations in the treatment of the common cold. A randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind clinical trialPhytomedicine.(1999 Mar)
    38. Vitamin C - Baird IM, Hughes RE, Wilson HK, Davies JE, Howard ANThe effects of ascorbic acid and flavonoids on the occurrence of symptoms normally associated with the common coldAm J Clin Nutr.(1979 Aug)
    39. Garlic - Nantz MP, Rowe CA, Muller CE, Creasy RA, Stanilka JM, Percival SSSupplementation with aged garlic extract improves both NK and γδ-T cell function and reduces the severity of cold and flu symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled nutrition interventionClin Nutr.(2012 Jun)
    40. Vitamin C - Coulehan JL, Reisinger KS, Rogers KD, Bradley DWVitamin C prophylaxis in a boarding schoolN Engl J Med.(1974 Jan 3)
    41. Echinacea - Dorn M, Knick E, Lewith GPlacebo-controlled, double-blind study of Echinaceae pallidae radix in upper respiratory tract infectionsComplement Ther Med.()
    42. Vitamin C - Carr AB, Einstein R, Lai LY, Martin NG, Starmer GAVitamin C and the common cold: a second MZ Cotwin control studyActa Genet Med Gemellol (Roma).(1981)
    43. Vitamin C - Walker GH, Bynoe ML, Tyrrell DATrial of ascorbic acid in prevention of coldsBr Med J.(1967 Mar 11)
    44. Vitamin C - Peters EM, Goetzsche JM, Grobbelaar B, Noakes TDVitamin C supplementation reduces the incidence of postrace symptoms of upper-respiratory-tract infection in ultramarathon runnersAm J Clin Nutr.(1993 Feb)
    45. Vitamin C - Audera C, Patulny RV, Sander BH, Douglas RMMega-dose vitamin C in treatment of the common cold: a randomised controlled trialMed J Aust.(2001 Oct 1)
    46. Vitamin C - Lewis TL, Karlowski TR, Kapikian AZ, Lynch JM, Shaffer GW, George DAA controlled clinical trial of ascorbic acid for the common coldAnn N Y Acad Sci.(1975 Sep 30)
    47. Vitamin D - Li-Ng M, Aloia JF, Pollack S, Cunha BA, Mikhail M, Yeh J, Berbari NA randomized controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation for the prevention of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infectionsEpidemiol Infect.(2009 Oct)
    48. Zinc - Hemilä H, Haukka J, Alho M, Vahtera J, Kivimäki MZinc acetate lozenges for the treatment of the common cold: a randomised controlled trialBMJ Open.(2020 Jan 23)
    49. Vitamin C - Gorton HC, Jarvis KThe effectiveness of vitamin C in preventing and relieving the symptoms of virus-induced respiratory infectionsJ Manipulative Physiol Ther.(1999 Oct)
    50. Vitamin C - Pitt HA, Costrini AMVitamin C prophylaxis in marine recruitsJAMA.(1979 Mar 2)
    51. Vitamin D - Zhou J, Du J, Huang L, Wang Y, Shi Y, Lin HPreventive Effects of Vitamin D on Seasonal Influenza A in Infants: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open, Controlled Clinical TrialPediatr Infect Dis J.(2018 Aug)
    52. Echinacea - Schulten B, Bulitta M, Ballering-Brühl B, Köster U, Schäfer MEfficacy of Echinacea purpurea in patients with a common cold. A placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind clinical trialArzneimittelforschung.(2001)
    53. Vitamin D - Martineau AR, Hanifa Y, Witt KD, Barnes NC, Hooper RL, Patel M, Stevens N, Enayat Z, Balayah Z, Syed A, Knight A, Jolliffe DA, Greiller CL, McLaughlin D, Venton TR, Rowe M, Timms PM, Clark D, Sadique Z, Eldridge SM, Griffiths CJDouble-blind randomised controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory infection in older adults and their carers (ViDiFlu)Thorax.(2015 Oct)
    54. Zinc - Mossad SB, Macknin ML, Medendorp SV, Mason PZinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyAnn Intern Med.(1996 Jul 15)
    55. Zinc - Turner RB, Cetnarowski WEEffect of treatment with zinc gluconate or zinc acetate on experimental and natural coldsClin Infect Dis.(2000 Nov)
    56. Echinacea - Shah SA, Sander S, White CM, Rinaldi M, Coleman CIEvaluation of echinacea for the prevention and treatment of the common cold: a meta-analysisLancet Infect Dis.(2007 Jul)
    57. Vitamin D - Simpson S, Mei I, Stewart N, Blizzard L, Tettey P, Taylor BWeekly cholecalciferol supplementation results in significant reductions in infection risk among the vitamin D deficient: results from the CIPRIS pilot RCTBMC Nutr.()
    58. Vitamin C - Clegg KM, Macdonald JML-Ascorbic acid and D-isoascorbic acid in a common cold surveyAm J Clin Nutr.(1975 Sep)
    59. Zinc - Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WWReduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind studyAntimicrob Agents Chemother.(1984 Jan)
    60. Echinacea - Turner RB, Riker DK, Gangemi JDIneffectiveness of echinacea for prevention of experimental rhinovirus coldsAntimicrob Agents Chemother.(2000 Jun)
    61. Vitamin D - Somnath SH, Biswal N, Chandrasekaran V, Jagadisan B, Bobby ZTherapeutic effect of vitamin D in acute lower respiratory infection: A randomized controlled trialClin Nutr ESPEN.(2017 Aug)
    62. Echinacea - Yale SH, Liu KEchinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trialArch Intern Med.(2004 Jun 14)
    63. Vitamin C - Elwood PC, Lee HP, St Leger AS, Baird M, Howard ANA randomized controlled trial of vitamin C in the prevention and amelioration of the common coldBr J Prev Soc Med.(1976 Sep)
    64. Colostrum - Lindbaek M, Thom E, Fuglerud P, Hjortdahl P[Do colostrum tablets have a symptomatic effect on sore throat?]Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen.(2004 Dec 16)
    65. Vitamin C - Schwartz AR, Togo Y, Hornick RB, Tominaga S, Gleckman RAEvaluation of the efficacy of ascorbic acid in prophylaxis of induced rhinovirus 44 infection in manJ Infect Dis.(1973 Oct)
    66. Echinacea - Taylor JA, Weber W, Standish L, Quinn H, Goesling J, McGann M, Calabrese CEfficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trialJAMA.(2003 Dec 3)
    67. Colostrum - Patıroğlu T, Kondolot MThe effect of bovine colostrum on viral upper respiratory tract infections in children with immunoglobulin A deficiencyClin Respir J.(2013 Jan)
    68. Umckaloabo - Patiroglu T, Tunc A, Eke Gungor H, Unal EThe efficacy of Pelargonium sidoides in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in children with transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancyPhytomedicine.(2012 Aug 15)
    69. Vitamin C - Ludvigsson J, Hansson LO, Tibbling GVitamin C as a preventive medicine against common colds in childrenScand J Infect Dis.(1977)
    70. Echinacea - Barton R, Tapan B, Lyon MEfficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (EchinilinTM) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialJ Clin Pharm Ther.()
    71. Vitamin C - FRANZ WL, HEYL HL, SANDS GWBlood ascorbic acid level in bioflavonoid and ascorbic acid therapy of common coldJ Am Med Assoc.(1956 Nov 24)
    72. Vitamin C - Hunt C, Chakravorty NK, Annan G, Habibzadeh N, Schorah CJThe clinical effects of vitamin C supplementation in elderly hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infectionsInt J Vitam Nutr Res.(1994)
    73. Colostrum - Brinkworth GD, Buckley JDConcentrated bovine colostrum protein supplementation reduces the incidence of self-reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in adult malesEur J Nutr.(2003 Aug)
    74. Echinacea - Grimm W, Müller HHA randomized controlled trial of the effect of fluid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the incidence and severity of colds and respiratory infectionsAm J Med.(1999 Feb)
    75. Vitamin C - Cowdan D, Diehl H, Baker ABVitamins For The Prevention Of ColdsJAMA.()
    76. Zinc - Weismann K, Jakobsen JP, Weismann JE, Hammer UM, Nyholm SM, Hansen B, Lomholt KE, Schmidt KZinc gluconate lozenges for common cold. A double-blind clinical trialDan Med Bull.(1990 Jun)
    77. Zinc - Prasad AS, Fitzgerald JT, Bao B, Beck FW, Chandrasekar PHDuration of symptoms and plasma cytokine levels in patients with the common cold treated with zinc acetate. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialAnn Intern Med.(2000 Aug 15)
    78. Echinacea - Melchart D, Walther E, Linde K, Brandmaier R, Lersch CEchinacea root extracts for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trialArch Fam Med.(1998 Nov-Dec)
    79. Vitamin D - Laaksi I, Ruohola JP, Mattila V, Auvinen A, Ylikomi T, Pihlajamäki HVitamin D supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory tract infection: a randomized, double-blinded trial among young Finnish menJ Infect Dis.(2010 Sep 1)
    80. Garlic - Josling PPreventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled surveyAdv Ther.(2001 Jul-Aug)
    81. Vitamin C - Tyrrell DA, Craig JW, Meada TW, White TA trial of ascorbic acid in the treatment of the common coldBr J Prev Soc Med.(1977 Sep)
    82. Elderberry - Macknin M, Wolski K, Negrey J, Mace SElderberry Extract Outpatient Influenza Treatment for Emergency Room Patients Ages 5 and Above: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.J Gen Intern Med.(2020-Nov)
    83. Elderberry - Crawford C, Brown LL, Costello RB, Deuster PASelect Dietary Supplement Ingredients for Preserving and Protecting the Immune System in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review.Nutrients.(2022-Nov-01)
    84. Elderberry - Wieland LS, Piechotta V, Feinberg T, Ludeman E, Hutton B, Kanji S, Seely D, Garritty CElderberry for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory illnesses: a systematic review.BMC Complement Med Ther.(2021-Apr-07)
    85. Elderberry - Hawkins J, Baker C, Cherry L, Dunne EBlack elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials.Complement Ther Med.(2019-Feb)
    86. Beta-glucans - Zhong K, Liu Z, Lu Y, Xu XEffects of yeast β-glucans for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infection in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eur J Nutr.(2021 Dec)